Pākē
Mahalo iā ʻoe no kou kipa ʻana iā Nature.com. ʻO ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele āu e hoʻohana nei he kākoʻo liʻiliʻi no CSS. No ka ʻike maikaʻi loa, paipai mākou iā ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi polokalamu kele hou (a i ʻole e hoʻopau i ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike ma Internet Explorer).
He mea nui ka inu wai no ka pale ʻana i ka wai a me ka emi ʻana o nā pōhaku ʻāʻī. Aia kekahi ʻano i nā makahiki i hala iho nei e hoʻomohala i nā mea hana no ka nānā ʻana i ka inu wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana "akamai" e like me nā ʻōmole akamai. H2OPal, HidrateSpark Steel, HidrateSpark 3 a me Thermos Smart Lid. Hoʻokahi haneli mau hanana ingestion i kēlā me kēia hue i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a nānā ʻia a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka honua i loaʻa mai nā unahi kiʻekiʻe. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia nā ʻōmole HidrateSpark me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka regression linear e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā helu kuhi hewa pākahi.
He pilikia koʻikoʻi ka wai maloʻo no ka mea hiki ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia ʻino, e like me ka huikau, ka hāʻule, ka hale maʻi, a me ka make. He mea nui ke koena o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā poʻe ʻelemakule a me nā poʻe me nā maʻi olakino e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka wai. taken1,2. He nui nā ho'āʻo ma ka palapala e hana i nā hōʻike o nā ʻōnaehana a i ʻole nā mea hana e hiki ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai. ʻO nā ʻōmole wai kūʻai ma ke ʻano o ka hana a me ka hana. ʻO nā ʻōmole ʻo HidrateSpark 34, HidrateSpark Steel5, H2O Pal6 a me Thermos Smart Lid7 e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 1. Ua koho ʻia kēia mau ʻōmole no ka mea ʻo lākou kekahi o nā ʻeke kaulana ʻehā i loaʻa (1) no ke kūʻai ʻana ma Kanada a (2) loaʻa nā ʻikepili leo sip i loaʻa ma o ka polokalamu kelepona.
Nā kiʻi o nā ʻōmole kalepa i kālailai ʻia: (a) HidrateSpark 34, (b) HidrateSpark Steel5, (c) H2OPal6, (d) Thermos Smart Lid7. Hōʻike ka pahu ʻulaʻula i kahi o ka mea ʻike.
ʻO nā ʻōmole ma luna, ʻo nā mana mua o HidrateSpark wale nō i hōʻoia ʻia ma ka noiʻi8. Ua ʻike ʻia ka haʻawina ua pololei ka hue HidrateSpark i loko o 3% o ke ana ʻana i ka nui o ka lawe ʻana ma kahi 24-hola o ka inu wai. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo HidrateSpark i nā noiʻi lapaʻau no ka nānā ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i nā maʻi me nā pōhaku kiki9. a hoʻoikaika i ka inu wai, akā ʻaʻohe haʻawina kikoʻī i hōʻoia i kāna hana2,10.Pletcher et al.Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona geriatric a me nā ʻike i loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele no kekahi mau ʻōmole kalepa, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hana i ka hōʻoia o ko lākou pololei11.
Loaʻa i nā ʻōmole pāʻoihana ʻehā he app proprietary manuahi no ka hōʻike ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hanana ingestion i hoʻouna ʻia ma o Bluetooth. ʻO ka HidrateSpark 3 a me Thermos Smart Lid ka mea ʻike i waenakonu o ka ʻōmole, hiki ke hoʻohana i kahi sensor capacitive, aʻo ka HidrateSpark Steel a me H2Opal he mea ʻike ma lalo, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ukana a i ʻole ka mīkini kaomi. ʻO ka poʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i ka sensor ke hiki i lalo o ka ipu.
Hoʻāʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻōmole i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu: (1) kahi hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me (2) kahi manawa ola manuahi. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻelua, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hopena i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka ʻōmole (loaʻa mai ka polokalamu kelepona huahana i hoʻohana ʻia ma Android 11) me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka honua i loaʻa me ka pālākiō 5 kg (Starfrit Electronic Kitchen Scale 93756). mL a 100 mL o 10 mL a 100 mL ua ana ia ma ke ano okoa, 5 ana pakahi, no ka huina o 50 ana no ka hue. pili bluetooth i ka omole. I ka manawa o ke ola manuahi, inu kaawale ka mea hoohana i ka wai mai ka omole i ka la, a koho lakou i na sips like ole. Aia no keia mahele he 50 sips no ka manawa, aole nae o lakou a pau i ka lalani. No laila, loa'a i kēlā me kēia omole kahi dataset o 100 mau ana.
No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o ka wai a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hydration kūpono i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ana volumetric intake a puni ka lā (24 hola) ma mua o kēlā me kēia sip. 2 . Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka sip, he mea koʻikoʻi ia e hiki i ka ʻōmole ke kaulike i ka leo ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana aʻe. No laila, hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hewa (ana ʻia ka leo maoli) me ka lima.
Hōʻike ka papa 1 i nā ana hana like ʻole no kēlā me kēia ʻōmole e noʻonoʻo ana i ʻelua mau ʻanā (100 sips). ʻO ka hapa hapa hapa nui (MPE) no ka sip, mean absolute error (MAE) no kēlā me kēia sip, a me ka cumulative MPE e helu ʻia penei:
ma kahi o \({S}_{act}^{i}\) a me \({S}_{est}^{i}\) ka helu maoli a me ka manaoia o ka \({i}_{th}\ ) sip, a o \(n\) ka huina o na sips.\({C}_{act}^{k}\) a me \({C}_{est}^{k}\) e hoike ana i ka huina hope. Nānā ʻo Sip MPE i ka hapa hapa hapa o kēlā me kēia sip, ʻoiai ke nānā aku nei ka Cumulative MPE i ka nui o ka hapa hapa o ka manawa. E like me nā hopena ma ka Papa 1, ʻo H2OPal ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā moʻolelo nalowale, ʻo ka Sip MPE haʻahaʻa, a me ka MPE kumulative haʻahaʻa. Hiki i ka omole ke ho'ōla mai nā ana maikaʻi ʻole i ka manawa a e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā ana ma hope. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka sip MAE i nā noi kahi mea nui ka pololei o kēlā me kēia sip no ka mea e helu ana i ka hewa piha o kēlā me kēia sip. me nā helu ʻino.
Hōʻike pū ʻia nā helu hoʻohālikelike R-squared Pearson no nā ʻōmole āpau ma ka Papa 1. Hāʻawi ʻo HidrateSpark 3 i ka coefficient correlation kiʻekiʻe. 0.88, ʻoiai ʻo Thermos SmartLid ka pilina haʻahaʻa loa (r = 0.75).
Ua hōʻoia ʻo Bland-Altman ma ke Kiʻi 2 ʻo HidrateSpark 3 ka palena liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻaelike (LoA) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻōmole ʻekolu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ʻo LoA i ka ʻae ʻana o nā waiwai maoli a me nā ana. ʻO ka sip i hoʻohaʻahaʻa pinepineʻia. Pela no ka HidrateSpark Steel ma ke Kiʻi 2b, kahi o ka hapa nui o nā helu kuhi hewa.
ʻO nā ʻāpana Bland-Altman o (a) H2OPal, (b) HidrateSpark Steel, (c) HidrateSpark 3 a me (d) Thermos Smart Lid. ʻO ka laina kaha i hōʻike ʻia i ka wā hilinaʻi a puni ka mean, i helu ʻia mai ka ʻokoʻa maʻamau ma ka Papa 1.
He 20.04 mL a me 21.41 mL ko HidrateSpark Steel a me H2OPal. Hōʻike pū nā kiʻi 2a,b e lele mau ana nā waiwai o HidrateSpark Steel a puni ka mean, akā noho mau i loko o ka ʻāina LoA, ʻoiai ʻo H2Opal i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waiwai ma waho o ka ʻāina ʻo LoA 3 Smart. mL, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 10% o nā ana ma waho o ka ʻāpana LoA i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2d. Ua hāʻawi kēia ʻōmole i ka Sip Mean Error liʻiliʻi loa a me kahi MPE Cumulative liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā moʻolelo i nalowale a me ka deviation maʻamau nui loa. mL) Pono kēia e alakaʻi i ka manaʻo haʻahaʻa o ka inu wai; akā, ʻo Thermos wale nō ka ʻōmole me MPE maikaʻi a me ka Sip Mean Error, e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka inu ʻana o ka wai i ka hue. mai ka helu ʻana, ua lilo ka Sip Mean Error i +10.38 mL, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka overestimation nui o ka sip hoʻokahi. ʻOiai he mea maikaʻi paha kēia, ʻaʻole pololei ka ʻōmole i nā kuhi sip a ʻaʻole hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia no ka hala ʻana o nā hanana inu he nui.
ʻO nā mea a pau, ʻo H2OPal ka pololei loa i ka helu ʻana i nā sips i ka manawa, a ʻo ke ala hilinaʻi loa e ana i ka hapa nui o nā leo.
Ua ʻike ʻia aia paha i ka ʻōmole kekahi offset i hiki ke uku ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka algorithm calibration. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no ka hue HidrateSpark, he ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka hewa a hoʻohaʻahaʻa mau i kahi sip hoʻokahi. waiwai maoli a no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hewa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hōʻike ka papa 2 ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka calibration i ka Sip mean error no ʻelua mau hue HidrateSpark, akā ʻaʻole ʻo H2OPal a i ʻole Thermos Smart Lid.
Ma ka Māhele 1 kahi i hana ʻia ai nā ana a pau, hoʻopiha ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻōmole i nā manawa he nui, no laila hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka MAE i helu ʻia e ka pae hoʻopiha piha ʻana. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa nā waeʻano. He ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi palena palena (p Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo t-huelo ʻelua e hoʻohālikelike i ka pae 1 a me ka pae 2 hewa no kēlā me kēia omole. Ua loaʻa iā mākou ka p > 0.05 no nā ʻōmole āpau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa loa nā hui ʻelua. Akā naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ua nalowale nā hue ʻelua ʻo HidrateSpark i ka helu ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma ka pae 2. ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa ʻana (6 vs. 10). Ma muli o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o nā hue HidrateSpark ma hope o ka calibration, ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo-t ma hope o ka calibration.
Hāʻawi kēia ʻāpana i nā ʻike i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻōmole a me kāna noi, a me nā ʻike hana ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻolako ʻia ʻo HidrateSpark 3 a me HidrateSpark Steel me nā kukui LED e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā mea hoʻohana e inu i ka wai inā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokō i kā lākou mau pahuhopu e like me ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia, a i ʻole e uila i kekahi mau manawa o ka lā (hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana). Hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia nā leka hoʻomaopopo i kēlā me kēia lā i nā noi HidrateSpark a me H2OPal.
Hoʻohana ʻo HidrateSpark 3 a me Steel i nā ʻano laina laina e alakaʻi i nā mea hoʻohana i ka wā e inu ai i ka wai a hāʻawi i ka pahuhopu i manaʻo ʻia i kēlā me kēia hola e paʻi i nā mea hoʻohana i ka hopena o ka lā.H2OPal a me Thermos Smart Lid wale nō ke hāʻawi i kahi pahu pahu i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻAʻohe o nā ʻōmole ʻehā e kālele ana i ka hydration no ka poʻe ʻelemakule. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā ʻōmole e hoʻohana ai nā ʻōmole e hoʻoholo ai i nā pahuhopu ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā, e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻoholo inā kūpono lākou i nā poʻe ʻelemakule.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻōmole a pau ke hoʻoholo inā ua pau ka wai, hoʻolei ʻia a kahe ʻia paha. Pono pū nā ʻōmole a pau e kau ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili ma hope o kēlā me kēia sip e hoʻopaʻa pololei i ka lawe ʻana. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka nalo ʻana i nā mea inu inā ʻaʻole i hoʻonoho ʻia ka ʻōmole, ʻoi aku ka wā e hoʻopiha ai.
ʻO kekahi palena ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻopili hou ʻia ka hāmeʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa me ka app no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻikepili. Pono e hoʻokahe ʻia ʻo H2OPal a hoʻopiha piha ʻia no ka calibration.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻōmole āpau ke koho e hoʻoiho a mālama i ka ʻikepili no ka wā lōʻihi.
Hoʻohana ʻo HidrateSpark 3 a me H2OPal i nā pākahi lithium-ion hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, ʻo HidrateSpark Steel a me Thermos SmartLid e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻona hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia.
Aia nā ʻano mea like ʻole e hiki ke hoʻololi i ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻōmole akamai, ʻoiai inā he kanaka ʻelemakule ka mea hoʻohana. ʻO ke kaumaha a me ka nui o ka ʻōmole he mea koʻikoʻi no ka mea pono e maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana e nā poʻe kahiko nāwaliwali. hana ʻia me ka plastic māmā. ʻO ia hoʻi ka nui o nā wai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻōmole ʻekolu.
Pono nā ʻōmole akamai i loaʻa ma ke kālepa no ka poʻe noiʻi no ka mea, ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻohālikelike i nā mea hou. ʻO ka H2OPal mai loko mai o ka pahu i loaʻa ka Sip MPE haʻahaʻa, cumulative MPE, a me ka helu o nā hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa ʻana. ʻO nā ana kūlike i ka manawa, ʻo ka H2OPal ka mea koho mua loa. ʻO ka Thermos SmartLid ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i hilinaʻi ʻia, loaʻa nā sips i hala loa, a me ka overestimated sips pākahi.
ʻAʻole palena ʻole ka haʻawina. Ma nā hiʻohiʻona maoli, nui nā mea hoʻohana e inu mai nā ipu ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka wai wela, nā mea inu i kūʻai ʻia ma ka hale kūʻai, a me ka waiʻona.
Rule, AD, Lieske, JC & Pais, VM Jr. 2020. Kidney Stone Management.JAMA 323, 1961–1962.https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0662 (2020).
Conroy, DE, West, AB, Brunke-Reese, D., Thomaz, E. & Streeper, NM ʻO ka hana kūpono kūpono e hoʻoikaika i ka inu wai i nā mea maʻi me nā pōhaku kīkī. Health Psychology.39, 1062 (2020).
Cohen, R., Fernie, G., a me Roshan Fekr, A. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana nānā ʻana i ka wai i ka poʻe ʻelemakule: kahi loiloi palapala.Nutrients 13, 2092. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062092 (2021).
Inc, H. HidrateSpark 3 ʻOmole Wai Naʻauao a me ka App Tracker Hydration Free - Black https://hidratespark.com/products/black-hidrate-spark-3. Loaʻa iā ʻApelila 21, 2021.
ʻO HidrateSpark STEEL Insulated Stainless Steel Smart Water Bottle and App – Hidrate Inc. https://hidratespark.com/products/hidratespark-steel. Loaʻa iā ʻApelila 21, 2021.
ʻO Thermos® Connected Hydration Bottle with Smart Cap.https://www.thermos.com/smartlid.Loaʻa ʻia ma Nowemapa 9, 2020.
Borofsky, MS, Dauw, CA, York, N., Terry, C. & Lingeman, JE ʻO ka pololei o ke ana ʻana i ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hue wai "akamai".
Bernard, J., Mele, L., Henderson, B. & Tasian, GE. ʻO ka hui ma waena o ka inu wai i kēlā me kēia lā a me 24-hola mimi i ka poʻe ʻōpio me nā pōhaku maʻi.
Fallmann, S., Psychoula, I., Chen, L., Chen, F., Doyle, J., Triboan, D. ʻOiaʻiʻo a me ka ʻike: Ka nānā ʻana i ka hana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻikepili ma nā home akamai maoli. Hoʻohou Kulanakauhale akamai (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/ CBDCom/IOP/SCI ), 1-6 (IEEE, 2017).
Pletcher, DA et al. He hāmeʻa inu wai pili i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka poʻe ʻelemakule a me nā maʻi o Alzheimer. Ma kahi hoʻopiʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao kanaka o IT no ka poʻe ʻelemakule. Social Media, Games, and Assisted Environments (eds Zhou, J. & Salvendy, G.) 444–463 (Springer International Publishing, 2019).
Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia hana e ka Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant (FDN-148450). Ua loaʻa iā Fernie ke kālā ma ke ʻano he Creaghan Chair of Family Prevention and Medical Technology.
Kite Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health Network, Toronto, Kanada
Manaʻo manaʻo - RC; Ka Papa Hana - RC, AR; Kākau - Hoʻomākaukau Manuscript - RC, AR; Kākau - Nānā a Hoʻoponopono, GF, AR; Mākaʻikaʻi – AR, GF Ua heluhelu a ʻae nā mea kākau a pau i ka mana i paʻi ʻia.
Noho kūʻokoʻa ʻo Springer Nature e pili ana i nā koi hoʻokolokolo o nā palapala ʻāina i paʻi ʻia a me nā pilina pili.
Open Access Ua laikini ʻia kēia ʻatikala ma lalo o ka Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, ka mea e ʻae ai i ka hoʻohana, kaʻana like, ka hoʻololi ʻana, ka hāʻawi ʻana, a me ka hana hou ʻana ma kekahi ʻano a i ʻole ke ʻano, ke hāʻawi ʻoe i ka hōʻaiʻē kūpono i ka mea kākau kumu a me ke kumu, hāʻawi i ka laikini Creative Commons, a hōʻike inā ua hoʻololi ʻia nā kiʻi. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka laikini o ka ʻatikala a me kāu hoʻohana i manaʻo ʻia e ke kānāwai a i ʻole ke kānāwai a i ʻole ma mua o ka mea i ʻae ʻia, pono ʻoe e loaʻa ka ʻae pololei mai ka mea nona ke kope.
Cohen, R., Fernie, G., a me Roshan Fekr, A. Ka nānā ʻana i ka inu wai i nā ʻōmole wai akamai i loaʻa i ke kūʻai aku. Science Rep 12, 4402 (2022)
Ma ka waiho ʻana i kahi manaʻo, ʻae ʻoe e mālama i kā mākou Kūlana a me nā alakaʻi kaiaulu.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-29-2022
